Ada 
Reference Manual, 2012 Edition with 2016 corrections
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ada 
Reference Manual
 
2012 Edition
with 
2016 corrections
 
Language 
and Standard Libraries
 
Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995  Intermetrics, 
Inc.
Copyright © 2000  The MITRE Corporation, Inc.
Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006  AXE Consultants
Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006  Ada-Europe
Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 
2014, 2015, 2016  AXE Consultants 
 
Ada Reference Manual - Language and Standard Libraries
Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, Intermetrics, 
Inc.
This copyright is assigned to the U.S. Government. 
 All rights reserved.
This document may be copied, in whole or in part, 
in any form or by any means, as is or with alterations, provided that 
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notice is included unmodified in any copy. Compiled copies of standard 
library units and examples need not contain this copyright notice so 
long as the notice is included in all copies of source code and documentation.
 
Technical Corrigendum 1
Copyright © 2000, The MITRE Corporation.  All 
Rights Reserved.
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MITRE.
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employees, from any and all liability or damages to yourself or your 
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 IN NO EVENT WILL MITRE BE LIABLE FOR ANY GENERAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, 
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Amendment 1
Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, AXE Consultants. 
 All Rights Reserved.
This document may be copied, in whole or in part, 
in any form or by any means, as is, or with alterations, provided that 
(1) alterations are clearly marked as alterations and (2) this copyright 
notice is included unmodified in any copy. Any other use or distribution 
of this document is prohibited without the prior express permission of 
AXE.
You use this document on the condition that you indemnify 
and hold harmless AXE, its board, officers, agents, and employees, from 
any and all liability or damages to yourself or your hardware or software, 
or third parties, including attorneys' fees, court costs, and other related 
costs and expenses, arising out of your use of this document irrespective 
of the cause of said liability.
AXE MAKES THIS DOCUMENT AVAILABLE ON AN "AS 
IS" BASIS AND MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, 
CAPABILITY, EFFICIENCY MERCHANTABILITY, OR FUNCTIONING OF THIS DOCUMENT. 
IN NO EVENT WILL AXE BE LIABLE FOR ANY GENERAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, 
INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF AXE HAS BEEN ADVISED 
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Third Edition
Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 AXE 
Consultants.  All Rights Reserved.
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in any form or by any means, as is, or with alterations, provided that 
(1) alterations are clearly marked as alterations and (2) this copyright 
notice is included unmodified in any copy. Any other use or distribution 
of this document is prohibited without the prior express permission of 
AXE.
You use this document on the condition that you indemnify 
and hold harmless AXE, its board, officers, agents, and employees, from 
any and all liability or damages to yourself or your hardware or software, 
or third parties, including attorneys' fees, court costs, and other related 
costs and expenses, arising out of your use of this document irrespective 
of the cause of said liability.
AXE MAKES THIS DOCUMENT AVAILABLE ON AN "AS 
IS" BASIS AND MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, 
CAPABILITY, EFFICIENCY MERCHANTABILITY, OR FUNCTIONING OF THIS DOCUMENT. 
IN NO EVENT WILL AXE BE LIABLE FOR ANY GENERAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, 
INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF AXE HAS BEEN ADVISED 
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Technical Corrigendum 1 for Ada 2012
Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 AXE Consultants. 
 All Rights Reserved.
This document may be copied, in whole or in part, 
in any form or by any means, as is, or with alterations, provided that 
(1) alterations are clearly marked as alterations and (2) this copyright 
notice is included unmodified in any copy. Any other use or distribution 
of this document is prohibited without the prior express permission of 
AXE.
You use this document on the condition that you indemnify 
and hold harmless AXE, its board, officers, agents, and employees, from 
any and all liability or damages to yourself or your hardware or software, 
or third parties, including attorneys' fees, court costs, and other related 
costs and expenses, arising out of your use of this document irrespective 
of the cause of said liability.
AXE MAKES THIS DOCUMENT AVAILABLE ON AN "AS 
IS" BASIS AND MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, 
CAPABILITY, EFFICIENCY MERCHANTABILITY, OR FUNCTIONING OF THIS DOCUMENT. 
IN NO EVENT WILL AXE BE LIABLE FOR ANY GENERAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, 
INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF AXE HAS BEEN ADVISED 
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
 
Ada 2005 Consolidated Standard
Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006, Ada-Europe.
This document may be copied, in whole or in part, 
in any form or by any means, as is, or with alterations, provided that 
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or damages to yourself or your hardware or software, or third parties, 
including attorneys' fees, court costs, and other related costs and expenses, 
arising out of your use of this document irrespective of the cause of 
said liability.
ADA-EUROPE MAKES THIS DOCUMENT AVAILABLE ON AN "AS 
IS" BASIS AND MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, 
CAPABILITY, EFFICIENCY MERCHANTABILITY, OR FUNCTIONING OF THIS DOCUMENT. 
IN NO EVENT WILL ADA-EUROPE BE LIABLE FOR ANY GENERAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, 
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADA-EUROPE 
HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 
Ada 2005 and 2012 Editions sponsored in part by Ada-Europe